|
Geology
1050
Introductory Geology for Forestry Degree Students
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
Large-scale structure of the Earth; tectonic, rock and geochemical cycles. Minerals, rocks and their influence on soil fertility. Energy interactions at the Earth's surface - hydrological and atmospheric cycles. Soils and their relation to bedrock and climate, with special reference to forested terrains. Exogenic geologic processes with special influence on glacial sediments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 2-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
1110
Planet Earth
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
The course offers students the opportunity to better understand and appreciate the evolution and internal functions of the Earth through geological time. An overview of minerals and rocks is followed by discussion of internal processes including igneous activity, earthquakes and magnetism. The origin of continents, ocean basins and large scale structures is presented by applying the concepts of plate tectonics.
|
Cross-List(s):
Environmental Studies 1111
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; 0-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
1111
Planet Earth with Laboratory
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
The course offers students the opportunity to better understand and appreciate the evolution and internal functions of the Earth through geological time. An overview of minerals and rocks is followed by discussion of internal processes including igneous activity, earthquakes and magnetism. The origin of continents, ocean basins and large scale structures is presented by applying the concepts of plate tectonics. Laboratory exercises will be devoted to the study of rocks and minerals.
|
Cross-List(s):
Environmental Studies 1112
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; 0-0
|
Notes:
Students are required to attend two Saturday field trips.
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
1130
Crust of the Earth
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
Emphasis is placed on the Earth's crust especially on near-surface processes and their products. The principles of stratigraphy, significance of fossils, variety of depositional environments and hydrogeology are some topics that will be presented. Discussion of geology and the environment will include geological resources, energy consumption and changes to the natural environment caused by human activity.
|
Cross-List(s):
Environmental Studies 1131
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
1131
Crust of the Earth with Laboratory
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
Emphasis is placed on the Earth's crust especially on near-surface processes and their products. The principles of stratigraphy, significance of fossils, variety of depositional environments and hydrogeology are some topics that will be presented. Discussion of geology and the environment will include geological resources, energy consumption and changes to the natural environment caused by human activity. Laboratory exercises will introduce the student to the use of geological maps and cross-sections.
|
Cross-List(s):
Environmental Studies 1132
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
2112
Principles of Geophysics
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
Principles and applications of solid-earth geophysical techniques, especially in magnetic and gravity surveying ("prospecting"), and the study of rock magnetism with all its implications for paleomagnetism, archeology and geomorphology.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; or 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
An introduction to mineral sciences, which includes appearance, structure, physical properties and occurrence of minerals, their application in material-science based industries and their significance in rocks, mineral deposits and environmental systems. Different mineralogical techniques such as macroscopic identification techniques, optical microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction will be also discussed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; 0-0
|
Notes:
Not for credit in the HBSc or BSc Four Year Geology programs.
|
| back to top | |
|
|
*Geology
2213
Igneous Processes and Products
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2210 or 2217
|
|
|
Description:
An overview of the origin and nature of magmas, their intrusive and extrusive phenomena, the products of crystallization, their economic importance and their potential hazards. The products of igneous activity will be studied in hand-specimen.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 3-0
|
Notes:
Not for credit in the HBSc or BSc Four Year Geology programs.
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
2214
Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
Topics discussed in the course include: erosion and deposition; shape and size distribution of sediment grains; the interaction between a moving fluid and loose sediment; conditions required for the initiation of sediment transport; classification and mode of formation of sedimentary structures; units formed by wind, wave, tide and mass-flow processes; classification and biologic and chemical controls on the deposition of carbonates; the origin of evaporites, chert, coal, petroleum, and phosphate, iron and magnesium deposits; diagenesis of siliciclastics and carbonates. The laboratory exercises will involve hand sample and microscopic examination of sedimentary rocks and study of the relationship between the mineralogy of the detritus and the mineralogy of the source terrain.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
2215
Igneous Processes and Products with Laboratory
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2217
|
|
|
Description:
An overview of the origin and nature of magmas, their intrusive and extrusive phenomena, the products of crystallization, their economic importance and their potential hazards. Laboratory studies will familiarize the student with the diverse nature of igneous products by hand-specimen and thin section study.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 3-3
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
2217
Mineralogy with Laboratory
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Permission of the Department
|
|
|
Description:
An introduction to mineral sciences, which includes appearance, structure, physical properties and occurrence of minerals, their application in material-science based industries and their significance in rocks, mineral deposits and environmental systems. Different mineralogical techniques such as macroscopic identification techniques, optical microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction will be also discussed. Laboratory work will treat the application of these techniques to minerals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-3; 0-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
2219
Geochemistry
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 1111 and 1131 and Chemistry 1130
|
|
|
Description:
Trace element behaviour in magmatic and aqueous systems, phase diagrams, distribution coefficients, analytical techniques and assessment of data quality, stable isotopes, applications of geochemistry to sedimentary and ore forming processes.
|
Cross-List(s):
Environmental Studies 2219
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; or 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
2310
Understanding Geology Through Maps
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
This course deals with the interpretation of the three-dimensional configuration of rock bodies from their distribution at the surface as represented on geological map. Topics will include: the distinction of various stratigraphic and secondary contacts between rock bodies, the attitudes of rock bodies at depth, the construction of geological maps from bore hole or seismic profile data, the determination of displacements on faults, the construction of mine plans at certain levels below O.D., the construction of subcrop maps below unconformities, the construction and interpretation of isopachytes, and the determination of ore shoot intersections. A brief overview of the techniques used to determine both relative and absolute ages of geological bodies and of geological events.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; or 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
2318
Field Mapping
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 1111 and 1131 or permission of the Department
|
|
|
Description:
Areas of bedrock outcrop will be visited the week following final spring examinations. These field areas will be utilized to teach the principles of basic mapping. Students will begin by constructing base maps using compass and pace techniques. Field identification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks will be stressed and this information will be plotted on the base map to produce a geologic map. The final project will be a multi-day mapping exercise where the student will learn to utilize GPS (global positioning system) data to plot locations on topographic base maps.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
*Geology
3015
Introductory Geology for Engineers
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
An introduction to Earth systems, cycles, and materials followed by discussion of Earth's interior processes, including seismicity and volcanism, leads to description of common crustal structures and their role in regional and global tectonism. Subsequently emphasis will be directed to a study of important surface processes, resulting features, and geologic hazards. Laboratory work includes the identification of common minerals and rocks, a study of common structures in section and plan view, three-point problems, interpretation of geologic maps, and application of stereographic projection in solution of structural problems.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 3-3
|
Notes:
Not for credit in the HBSc or BSc Geology programs.
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
3110
The Earth and Life Through Time
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
We will examine the evolution of planet Earth and its inhabitants through geologic time. We will begin by discussing the formation of the early Earth, its atmosphere, and hydrosphere, and learn how these influenced the types of one celled organisms which first developed on the planet. The rise of metazoans and multicellular life with hard parts will then be linked to changes in the atmosphere and stabilization of the continents. Subsequent lectures will deal with life forms present during the past 600 million years and with the formation of the earth as we know it today through the movements of lithospheric plates. Fossils from the time periods under discussion will be examined in conjunction with the lectures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; or 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
3130
Glacial Systems
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2214 or permission of the Department
|
|
|
Description:
A systems approach to understanding the processes, deposits and nature of past glaciations in earth history. Glacial deposits, from Precambrian to recent, will be examined. Other topics covered: geochronology of Recent deposits; the effects of northern hemisphere glaciation on mid-latitude and equatorial regions; and, use of glacial deposits in mineral exploration. Students will be required to attend a number of day-long field trips to study local glacial deposits.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; or 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
3216
Ore Petrology
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2217
|
|
|
Description:
The study of ores and ore minerals to include the following: ore mineralogy, ore textures and their interpretation, significant ore systems. Laboratory work to include hand specimen work, ore microscopy and fluid inclusions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; or 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
3217
Metamorphism
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2217
|
|
|
Description:
Physical controls of metamorphism, distribution in space and time, heat flow, global heat budget. Tectonic and historical contingencies affecting the distribution of facies series. Plate tectonic and other tectonic controls on the distribution and style of metamorphism. Deformation processes in crystalline materials, diffusion, crystal plasticity, microscopic deformation mechanism in general.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-3; or 3-3
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
3310
Structural Geology and Tectonics
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 1111, 1131, and 2310
|
|
|
Description:
Response of rocks to stress, phenomenological models, strain estimates, strain histories and their interpretation. Orientation-distributions of grains and the origin of anisotropic petrofabrics. Three-dimensional representation and interpretation of orientation data (sterograms) manually and by computer. Structural mapping techniques in metamorphic and other terranes. Structural procedures adapted for specific tectonic environments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; or 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
3311
Environmental Geology
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
The relevance of geology to human society is investigated. Throughout the course students will be taught to relate their newfound understanding of Geology to interpreting the world around them. Topics to be discussed include volcanic hazards, earthquakes, flooding, landslides, desertification and glaciation, global warming, groundwater issues, soil erosion, resource geology, fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, waste management, pollution and environmental law. No specialist knowledge of geology is required as the basic geological principles underlying each topic will be explained each week.
|
Cross-List(s):
Environmental Studies 3312
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; or 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
3410
Depositional Environments
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2214
|
|
|
Description:
Interpretation of the depositional environment in which sediments accumulated requires comparison of the lithofacies present in the rock record with standard lithofacies models developed from the study of recent environments. Lithofacies models discussed in this course include: alluvial fans (humid and arid); river systems (meandering, braided and anastomosing); aeolian deposits; lakes (playa, temporate and glacial); deltas (river, wave and tide dominated); strandlines (siliciclastic and carbonate); shelves (siliciclastic and carbonate); deep marine (slope, submarine fan and pelagic); glacial; and volcaniclastic. The laboratory exercises provide practical experience in interpreting depositional environments.
|
Cross-List(s):
Environmental Studies 3410
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; or 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
4011
Environmental Geochemistry
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Chemistry 1130 and either Geology 2219 or Chemistry 2111
|
|
|
Description:
An introduction to environmental geochemistry emphasizing the interactions of chemical, physical, geological and biological factors in controlling the chemical distribution, composition and structure of aqueous systems. Students will be introduced to various topics in aqueous geochemistry such as mineral equilibria, ion exchange, redox equilibria, mass transport and the application of radiogenic and stable isotope tracers to environmental systems. Students will gain practical experience with computer software used for modeling geochemical reactions and processes.
|
Cross-List(s):
Chemistry 4011/Environmental Studies 4011
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; or 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
*Geology
4015
Basic Scientific Methods in Geology
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 4010 or 1110 or 1130 or permission of the Department
|
|
|
Description:
Specific topics concerned with problems and materials encountered by Civil and Environmental Engineers. Topics discussed may include: application of geometrical techniques to the solution of problems in structural geology, quarrying and mining; natural radioactivity, its causes and consequences (radon, groundwater chemistry); applications of mineralogical and geological principles to radioactive waste disposal; origin and nature of some industrial minerals (diamond, graphite, salt, gypsum, asbestos, silica); the mineralogy, composition and stability of natural and synthetic silicate and carbonate constructional materials (granite, sandstone, bricks, Portland cement).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-0; 3-0
|
Notes:
Not for credit in the MSc, HBSc or BSc Geology programs.
|
| back to top | |
|
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
Description:
Both the physical and chemical attributes of groundwater are examined. Porosity and permeability will be examined for various types of substrate consisting of loose sediment and bedrock. Methods of evaluating groundwater flow rates and aquifer volumes will be utilized to quantify subsurface water supplies. Techniques employed in exploring for groundwater reserves will be discussed. Groundwater geochemistry forms the other important aspect of material taught in this course. The chemical variability of natural groundwater (Eh, pH, dissolved ion concentration) will be contrasted with the effects of pollution (esp. sewage, pesticides and hydrocarbons) on aquifer systems. Remediation methods for contaminated aquifers will be explored.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; or 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
4161
Field School
|
|
Credit Weight:
1
|
Prerequisite(s):
Enrolment restricted to geology majors except where special permission of the Department is granted.*
|
|
|
Description:
Geology majors are required to complete a two- to three-week field program totalling about 150 hours. The normal time for this course is during late August to early September after completion of the third year of Geology courses. Location of the project areas may vary from year to year, but, generally regions adjacent to Lake Superior are visited. The students will be exposed to a variety of field techniques in diverse geological settings and will be required to formalize field observations in geological reports.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
*Students meeting the above requirements may only participate after satisfactory completion of the third year of their program or equivalent preparation.
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
4181
Techniques and Research in Geology: Thesis
|
|
Credit Weight:
1
|
Prerequisite(s):
Permission of the Department
|
|
|
Description:
Detailed practical instruction by members of the Department in special techniques related to the student's limited research project which involves either or both field and laboratory studies. Students will be expected to attain a high level of technical competence during the period of this course. A thesis will be prepared after consultation and discussion with a faculty supervisor and will be examined by means of oral presentation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
0-6; 0-6
|
Notes:
For Honours BSc students.
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
4215
Advanced Igneous Petrology
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2215 and 2219
|
|
|
Description:
Investigation into the nature and origin of volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks. Discussion of radiogenic isotopes, dating methods, trace element behaviour in different tectonic environments, and stable isotopes as applied to igneous petrogenesis.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; or 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
4313
Geological Case Studies
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Permission of the Department
|
|
|
Description:
A team-taught program of case studies, each of which will be chosen to exemplify a certain characteristic style of tectonic terrain, whether it be primarily igneous, metamorphic, deformed, or sedimentary. Each case study will use published maps and reports for two to three weeks, after which progress will be judged by essays and seminars. Typical case studies may include, for example, an Archean terrane, a Proterozoic terrane, a Phanerozooic basin, a fold-and-thrust-belt, a basin-and-range province, an ophiolite, a transtensional (pull-apart) region and/or an impact-site. The topics may be finalized according to the interests of the class.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-0; or 3-0
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
|
Geology
4411
Mineral Deposits
|
|
Credit Weight:
0.5
|
Prerequisite(s):
Geology 2215, 3212, and 3216
|
|
|
Description:
A survey of the geology of mineral and energy resources, with emphasis on those in northern regions. Laboratory work will consist of the study of ore suites and other materials from representative deposits.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering:
3-2; or 3-2
|
|
|
| back to top | |
|
